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"Evidence-based scheduling is a software estimation approach created by Joel Spolsky, a commentator on software engineering principles. Evidence-based Scheduling is based on at least two core ideas: including all time spent, and using a Monte Carlo completion date prediction method. Evidence-based scheduling is an example of an evidence-based practice. Including all time spent One of the core ideas of evidence-based scheduling, that adds to the normal estimation practices, is the idea of including all time spent, regardless of relevance. Most people, when estimating, measure the time they actually spend on a project – classic Time Accounting categories such as cited in McConnell's Software Project Survival GuideSoftware Project Survival Guide do not allow for accounting for non-project activities. While McConnell goes on to include less obvious activities such as holidays, sick days and project support, he and most others identify such as activities to be separately recorded. However, recording and attempting to budget for secondary activities often leads to political pressure to drop such activities. In practice, people find themselves unable to avoid them and compensate by working overtime. Similarly, as Spolsky points out,Evidence Based Scheduling – Joel on Software your bosses' stories about his fishing trips, or model helicopter, are both a time-sink and politically dangerous to put on a time-reporting system. The key insight in evidence-based scheduling is that the only thing which needs measuring is the actual delivery of tasks. Over time, it is assumed that all other distractions will average out. For the purposes of estimation, variations due to interruption will show up as inaccuracies in estimation and will be compensated for by statistical analysis. The reasons for anomalies may come out if the organisation wishes to dig deeper into why people have irregular estimates. The appeal of this idea is simplicity – the amount of evidence to be created is simply the elapsed time between completing tasks and, another vital point, time spent debugging is applied back to the original task. Monte Carlo method Another core idea is the use of the Monte Carlo method to predict project completion dates. This method evaluates how reliable previous estimates have been. Instead of a single completion date, the method results in multiple possible completion dates, each with an associated probability of being correct. References Software engineering costs Evidence-based practices "
"This is a compilation of initialisms and acronyms commonly used in mass spectrometry. A * ADI – Ambient desorption ionization * AE – Appearance energy * AFADESI – air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization * AFAI – Air flow-assisted ionization * AFAPA – Aerosol flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow * AGHIS - All-glass heated inlet system * AIRLAB – Ambient infrared laser ablation * AMS – Accelerator mass spectrometry * AMS - Aerosol mass spectrometer * AMU – Atomic mass unit * AP – Appearance potential * AP MALDI – Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization * APCI – Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization * API – Atmospheric pressure ionization * APPI – Atmospheric pressure photoionization * ASAP – Atmospheric Sample Analysis Probe * ASMS – American Society for Mass Spectrometry B * BP – Base peak * BIRD – Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation C * CRF – Charge remote fragmentation * CSR – Charge stripping reaction * CI – Chemical ionization * CA – Collisional activation * CAD – Collisionally activated dissociation * CID – Collision-induced dissociation * CRM – Consecutive reaction monitoring * CF-FAB – Continuous flow fast atom bombardment * CRIMS – Chemical Reaction Interface Mass Spectrometry * CTD - Charge Transfer Dissociation D * DE – Delayed extraction * DADI – Direct analysis of daughter ions * DAPPI – Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization * DEP – Direct exposure probe * DESI – Desorption electrospray ionization * DIOS – Desorption/ionization on silicon * DIP – direct insertion probe * DART – Direct analysis in real time * DLI – Direct liquid introduction * DIA – Data independent acquisition E * EA – Electron affinity * ECD – Electron-capture dissociation * ECI – Electron capture ionization * EDD – Electron-detachment dissociation * EI – Electron ionization (or electron impact) * EJMS – European Journal of Mass Spectrometry * ESA – Electrostatic energy analyzer * ES/ESI – Electrospray ionisation * ETD – Electron-transfer dissociation * eV – Electronvolt F * FAIMS – High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry * FAB – Fast atom bombardment * FIB – Fast ion bombardment * FD – Field desorption * FFR – Field-free region * FI – Field ionization * FT-ICR MS – Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer * FTMS – Fourier transform mass spectrometer G * GDMS – Glow discharge mass spectrometry H * HDX – Hydrogen/deuterium exchange *HCD – Higher-energy C-trap dissociation I * ICAT – Isotope-coded affinity tag * ICP – Inductively coupled plasma * ICRMS – Ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer * IDMS – Isotope dilution mass spectrometry * IJMS – International Journal of Mass Spectrometry * IRMPD – Infrared multiphoton dissociation * IKES – Ion kinetic energy spectrometry * IMS – Ion mobility spectrometry * IMSC – International Mass Spectrometry Conference * IMSF – International Mass Spectrometry Foundation * IRMS – Isotope ratio mass spectrometry * IT – Ion trap * ITMS – Ion trap mass spectrometry * ITMS – Ion trap mobility spectrometry * iTRAQ – isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation J * JASMS – Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry * JEOL – Japan Electro-Optics Laboratory * JMS – Journal of Mass Spectrometry K * KER – Kinetic energy release * KERD – Kinetic energy release distribution L * LCMS a liquid chromatograph instrument with a mass spectrometer detector * LD – Laser desorption * LDI – Laser desorption ionization * LI – Laser ionization * LMMS – Laser microprobe mass spectrometry * LIT – Linear ion trap * LSI – Liquid secondary ionization * LSII – Laserspray ionization inlet M * MIKES – Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry * MS – Mass spectrometer * MS – Mass spectrometry * MS2 – Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, i.e. tandem mass spectrometry * MS/MS – Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, i.e. tandem mass spectrometry * MALDESI - Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization * MALDI – Matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization * MAII - Matrix assisted inlet ionization Inlet * MAIV - Matrix Assisted Ionization Vacuum * MIMS – Membrane introduction mass spectrometry, membrane inlet mass spectrometry, membrane interface mass spectrometry * MCP – Microchannel plate * MSn – Multiple stage mass spectrometry * MCP – Microchannel plate * MPI – Multiphoton ionization * MRM – Multiple reaction monitoring N * NEMS-MS - Nanoelectromechanical systems mass spectrometry * NETD – Negative electron-transfer dissociation * NICI – Negative ion chemical ionization * NRMS – Neutralization reionization mass spectrometry O * oa-TOF – Orthogonal Acceleration Time of Flight * OMS – Organic Mass Spectrometry (Journal) P * PDI – Plasma desorption/ionization * PDMS – Plasma desorption mass spectrometry * PAD – Post-acceleration detector * PSD – Post-source decay * PyMS – Pyrolysis mass spectrometry Q * QUISTOR – Quadrupole ion storage trap * QIT – Quadrupole ion trap * QMS – Quadrupole mass spectrometer * QTOF - Hybrid spectrometer combining quadrupole and time of flight elements R * RCM – Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry * REIMS - Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry * REMPI – Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization * RGA – Residual gas analyzer * RI – Resonance ionization S * SAII – Solvent Assisted Ionization Inlet * SELDI – Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization * SESI - Secondary electrospray ionization * SHRIMP – Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe * SIFT – Selected ion flow tube * SILAC – Stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture * SIM – Selected ion monitoring * SIMS - Secondary ion mass spectrometry * SIR – Selected ion recording * SNMS – Secondary neutral mass spectrometry * SRM – Selected reaction monitoring * SWIFT – Stored waveform inverse Fourier transform * SID – Surface-induced dissociation * SIR – Surface-induced reaction * SI – Surface ionization * SORI – Sustained off-resonance irradiation T * TI – Thermal ionization * TIC – Total ion current * TICC – Total ion current chromatogram * TLF – Time-lag focusing * TMT – Tandem mass tags * TOF-MS – Time-of-flight mass spectrometer V * VG – Vacuum Generators (company) ReferencesExternal links * Mass Spectroscopy Acronym Page at MIT Mass spectrometry Mass spectrometry "
"Senator Mamman B. Ali Mamman Bello Ali (1958 - 26 January 2009) was Nigerian Senator for Yobe South senatorial district. He was the chairman senate committee on public account from 1999 to 2007, and the Governor of Yobe State from 2007 until his death in 2009. He was a member of the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). He was receiving medical treatment for leukemia in a Florida hospital when he died.Yobe State Governor, Mamman Bello Ali, 51, Dies in a Florida Hospital of Leukemia References 1958 births 2009 deaths Governors of Yobe State Members of the Senate (Nigeria) All Nigeria Peoples Party politicians Deaths from leukemia Deaths from cancer in Florida 20th-century Nigerian politicians 21st-century Nigerian politicians "