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"The following events occurred in July 1934: July 1, 1934 (Sunday) *At Stadelheim Prison in Munich, Ernst Röhm was given a pistol with a single bullet with which to commit suicide. When he refused to do so he was shot dead. *General Werner von Blomberg canceled the state of alarm in the German military. *U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt boarded the USS Houston in Annapolis, Maryland and began a 12,000-mile tour of American possessions in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. *Louis Chiron won the French Grand Prix. *Born: Jamie Farr, actor, in Toledo, Ohio; Jean Marsh, actress and writer, in Stoke Newington, London, England; Sydney Pollack, film director, producer and actor, in Lafayette, Indiana (d. 2008) *Died: Edgar Julius Jung, 40, German lawyer; Ernst Röhm, 46, German SA commander; Emil Sembach, 43, German SS- Oberführer July 2, 1934 (Monday) *The last of the executions in the Night of the Long Knives purge took place by 4 a.m. *German President Paul von Hindenburg sent a message congratulating Hitler for his "determined action and gallant personal intervention which have nipped treason in the bud and rescued the German people from great danger." July 3, 1934 (Tuesday) *Another wave of attacks on public buildings swept through Austria as dynamite exploded near a police headquarters in Salzburg and a mysterious fire broke out at the Rathaus. *Hitler had his cabinet approve a measure that declared, "The measures taken on June 30, July 1 and 2 to suppress treasonous assaults are legal as acts of self-defence by the State." *The jury in the John Edward Brownlee sex scandal awarded $15,000 to Brownlee's accuser Vivian MacMillan and her father. In an unusual move, however, the judge dismissed the case. It would go all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada before the MacMillans finally won their damages. *The Bank of Canada Act was passed in Canada. July 4, 1934 (Wednesday) *The Parliamentary mace of Upper Canada, seized by the Americans in the Battle of York during the War of 1812, was formally returned to Canada in a goodwill ceremony at Fort York in Toronto. *Born: Richard A. Jensen, theologian and author, in Fremont, Nebraska (d. 2014) *Died: Marie Curie, 66, Polish-born French physicist and chemist and Nobel laureate; Hayim Nahman Bialik, 61, Ukrainian-born Jewish poet July 5, 1934 (Thursday) *"Bloody Thursday": Violence flared in the West Coast waterfront strike as picketers in San Francisco fought with police on Rincon Hill after local industrial interests tried to move cargo from piers using non-union labor under police protection. 2 were killed and 69 were reported injured. *President Roosevelt arrived at Cap-Haïtien, Haiti to a 21-gun salute, the first president to visit Haiti while in office. Roosevelt delivered a speech, partly in French, announcing the withdrawal of U.S. Marines from the country by October. July 6, 1934 (Friday) *Members of the U.S. Navy rioted in Nice after an American sailor of the USS Arkansas was shot in the neck by a French police officer. The officer said that he stopped the sailor for harassing a girl on the street and that he fired in self-defense when the sailor attacked him. A total of 27 people were injured in several café brawls. *Fred Perry of the United Kingdom defeated Jack Crawford of Australia in the Gentlemen's Singles final at Wimbledon. It was the first time in 25 years that an Englishman won the title. *California Governor Frank Merriam issued a statement following the violence of the previous day, saying that the leaders of the strikers were "not free from communist and subversive influences" and appealing to "the saner clear-thinking workers to oppose courageously and insistently any effort to involve other groups of labor in a controversy which has gone beyond the bounds of ordinary and legitimate disputes between employers and employees." *President Roosevelt visited San Juan, Puerto Rico. July 7, 1934 (Saturday) *Dorothy Round Little of the United Kingdom defeated the American Helen Hull Jacobs in the Ladies' Singles final at Wimbledon. *President Roosevelt visited Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. July 8, 1934 (Sunday) *Rudolf Hess gave a nationally broadcast speech in Königsberg in which he switched to French at one point and appealed to France for peace, saying, "I turn to the comrades of the front, both here and on the other side of the trenches. Be honest: didn't we experience horror at the thought of death? When hand grenades were hurled at us, when poisonous gas threatened to choke us despite our gas masks, when we heard the cries of anguish from the dying, when horror of every kind surrounded us, did we not ask ourselves, 'Cannot humanity be spared all this?' ... I say as a veteran to veterans across the borderland, I as a leader of one people ask the leaders of other peoples: Must this be? Can we not by mutual good spare humanity another war?" This part of the speech caused an immediate sensation among diplomats as it was interpreted as insinuating that Germany anticipated being invaded by France, while some in the French press viewed it as an attempt to create a distraction from the recent purge. *Teamsters of San Francisco and Oakland voted to go on strike in solidarity with the West Coast waterfront strikers. *Born: Marty Feldman, comedian and actor, in London, England (d. 1982) *Died: Benjamin Baillaud, 84, French astronomer July 9, 1934 (Monday) *Plans of the new SA chief Viktor Lutze to reorganize the Brownshirts were announced. The organization was to cull its numbers from 2.5 million down to 800,000 and return to the original purpose for which the SA was formed – providing protection at Nazi party meetings. *The directorate of Der Stahlhelm in Germany were ordered to take a general vacation until August 18. No uniforms of the organization were to be worn during this time except at parades in which other organizations participate and on August 3 when military exercises commemorating the 20th anniversary of the outbreak of the World War were to be held. *First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt visited the Century of Progress International Exposition in Chicago and gave a radio address from a replica of the Globe Theatre in which she praised the motion picture industry for adopting a code of voluntary censorship. "Lately it has been felt that the tendency to glorify the racketeer and criminal, or at least to make him appear a sympathetic character, was having something of a bad effect upon the children of the country", Mrs. Roosevelt said. "Consequently this new announcement should do much to make these organizations feel that the film industry as a whole desires to co-operate and use its tremendous power for the improvement of the country." July 10, 1934 (Tuesday) *The second Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held at the Polo Grounds in New York City. The American League beat the National League 9-7. The game is mainly remembered for Carl Hubbell's five strikeouts of the game's best hitters – future Hall of Famers Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons and Joe Cronin – all in succession. *Hitler summoned the Reichstag to convene on Friday for its first meeting since January 30. *In the French Congo, a railway line connecting Pointe-Noire with Brazzaville opened. *President Roosevelt visited Cartagena, Colombia. *Born: Alfred Biolek, Czech-born German entertainer and television producer, in Freistadt; Jerry Nelson, puppeteer, in Tulsa, Oklahoma (d. 2012) *Died: Erich Mühsam, 56, German anarchist, poet and playwright (murdered at Oranienburg concentration camp) July 11, 1934 (Wednesday) *The passed through the Panama Canal with President Roosevelt aboard. This was the first time a U.S. president passed through the completed canal while in office. After passing through he gave a speech rededicating the canal to "all nations in the needs of peaceful commerce." *Will H. Hays held a conference with the heads of Hollywood's biggest motion picture companies. After the conference the following statement was issued: "To strengthen the system of industrial self-regulation established by the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America the following member companies of that association have agreed that each will grant to exhibitors the right to omit the exhibition of any motion picture released prior to July 15, 1934, against which there is a genuine protest on moral grounds." Ten film production company names were then listed. The introduction of a distinctive seal of approval was also announced, which would appear on the screen following the main title of films released after July 15 to show that every effort had been taken to ensure that the film was in compliance with the clean picture code. The age of Pre-Code Hollywood was over. *Born: Giorgio Armani, fashion designer, in Piacenza, Italy July 12, 1934 (Thursday) *The wearing of political party uniforms was banned in Belgium. *National Recovery Administration head Hugh S. Johnson made some controversial remarks during a speech in Waterloo, Iowa in which he said that conditions in Germany made him "actively sick", adding, "The idea that adult responsible men can be taken from their homes – stood up against a wall, backs to rifles, and shot to death – is beyond expression." *Born: Van Cliburn, pianist, in Shreveport, Louisiana (d. 2013) July 13, 1934 (Friday) *Adolf Hitler gave a nationally broadcast 90-minute speech to the Reichstag justifying the Night of the Long Knives, accusing the purged individuals of treason and plotting revolt. *A member of the German embassy to the United States lodged a protest with the U.S. Department of State over Hugh S. Johnson's remarks of the previous day. The Department of State issued an announcement saying that it was "to be regretted that the position occupied by the recovery administrator made it possible for remarks by him as an individual to be misconstrued as official." *Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss issued a decree giving five days to turn in all explosives to the government. Anyone caught with them after the five-day period faced execution. *Babe Ruth hit the 700th home run of his major league career at Navin Field in Detroit. *The World Moves On became the first film to receive the new Motion Picture Production Code certificate. *The comedy film The Old Fashioned Way starring W. C. Fields was released. *Born: Wole Soyinka, playwright and poet, in Abeokuta, Nigeria Protectorate; Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut, in Zhizdra, USSR *Died: Kate Sheppard, 87, English-born New Zealander suffragist July 14, 1934 (Saturday) *Germany's new People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) was inaugurated as 32 judges appointed by Hitler were sworn into office. The court's first tasks were to settle the fate of SA members arrested since the Night of the Long Knives as well as communists imprisoned over the past year. *Racer Kaye Don was found guilty of manslaughter in the death of his mechanic in a May 28 auto accident on the Isle of Man. *A dynamite blast wrecked an electric plant at Opponitz, Austria. *Buster Keaton filed for bankruptcy. *Born: John Tyndall, politician, in Exeter, Devon, England (d. 2005) July 15, 1934 (Sunday) *An additional 2,000 National Guardsmen were sent to San Francisco to augment the 2,000 already there as tensions rose high in the West Coast waterfront strike on the eve of a general strike. *The second of the Brighton trunk murders was discovered in Brighton, England. *Hans Stuck won the German Grand Prix. *Born: Bill Gunn, playwright, novelist, actor and director, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1989); Harrison Birtwistle, composer, in Accrington, England *Died: Louis F. Gottschalk, 69, American composer and conductor July 16, 1934 (Monday) *A general strike began in San Francisco. Amid isolated reports of violence, business leaders sent an appeal to California Governor Frank Merriam to impose martial law. Merriam released a statement from his office that night saying that "If the troops now in service prove inadequate I shall take whatever steps may become necessary to serve the general good", and expressing his "earnest hope that reason and restraint will dominate the activities and the deliberations of the strikers themselves." *The Third Constitution of Brazil was promulgated. July 17, 1934 (Tuesday) *Leaders of the San Francisco general strike opted to seek arbitration and asked the Roosevelt Administration to intercede. *A suspect in the Brighton trunk murders was arrested. July 18, 1934 (Wednesday) *A 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck southwest Panama, the most severe earthquake in Panamanian history. *King George V opened the Queensway Tunnel, the longest underwater tunnel in the world at the time. *Died: Sy Sanborn, 67, American sportswriter July 19, 1934 (Thursday) *San Francisco's general strike was called off after 77 hours. July 20, 1934 (Friday) *68 were injured in a day of fighting during the Minneapolis general strike. Police fired into a mob of protestors when they attempted to block a delivery truck trying to leave the central market. July 21, 1934 (Saturday) *Flood waters of the Vistula swept into Warsaw, Poland, forcing many people from their homes. The flooding left an estimated 200,000 homeless throughout the country. *Born: Jonathan Miller, theatre director and actor, in London, England (d. 2019) *Died: Julian Hawthorne, 88, American writer and journalist; Hubert Lyautey, 79, French general July 22, 1934 (Sunday) *U.S. agents shot and killed the notorious criminal John Dillinger as he walked out of a movie theatre in Chicago. *Died: John Dillinger, 31, American criminal (shot) July 23, 1934 (Monday) *The Soviet Union sentenced 8 men to death for sabotaging trains and railways, purportedly as spies for Japan. July 24, 1934 (Tuesday) *A Czechoslovakian socialist was hanged in Vienna just three days after bombing a railway, as the Dollfuss government began carrying out its threat to execute convicted terrorists. *President Roosevelt arrived in Hawaii, the first sitting U.S. president to visit there. Roosevelt received Territorial Governor Joseph Poindexter aboard the USS Houston (CA-30) but did not actually go ashore until the following day. *Born: P. S. Soosaithasan, Tamil politician, in Sri Lanka (d. 2017) July 25, 1934 (Wednesday) *July Putsch: Austrian Nazis launched a coup against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss, storming the chancellery and shooting him in the neck, then allowing him to bleed to death while they barricaded themselves. Meanwhile, other Nazis seized a radio station and broadcast word that Dollfuss had resigned. The coup failed when the conspirators in the chancellery surrendered after more than six hours when they received a guarantee of safe conduct to Germany, only to be told it was revoked when it was discovered that Dollfuss was dead. Benito Mussolini happened to be hosting the late chancellor's wife and children at Riccione when he received word of the assassination, and it fell to him to break the news to them. *President Roosevelt visited Kīlauea volcano. *Australia adopted a three-year military expansion program. *Died: François Coty, 60, French perfumer; Engelbert Dollfuss, 41, Chancellor of Austria (assassinated); Nestor Makhno, 45, Ukrainian anarcho-communist revolutionary (tuberculosis) July 26, 1934 (Thursday) *Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg became acting chancellor of Austria. *Mussolini, anticipating a German attempt to invade and annex Austria, ordered 48,000 troops rushed to the Austro-Italian border to serve notice that he would not tolerate such a move. *Minnesota Governor Floyd B. Olson declared martial law in Minneapolis due to the strike. *President Roosevelt reviewed 15,000 American troops in Honolulu. *Newspapers in Dublin stopped printing when compositors and linotype operators went on strike. *Died: Winsor McCay, American cartoonist and animator July 27, 1934 (Friday) *The Swissair Tuttlingen accident occurred in southern Germany. All 12 aboard were killed in the crash, making it the worst air disaster of 1934. *Born: Ajahn Sumedho, Buddhist teacher, in Seattle, Washington July 28, 1934 (Saturday) *The funeral of Engelbert Dollfuss was held in front of the Vienna Rathaus. *A manned high-altitude balloon launched from the Black Hills of South Dakota achieved a near-record altitude of 60,613 feet, but then began descending rapidly due to tears in the fabric. The hydrogen then ignited and destroyed the balloon, but not before all three crew were able to escape and parachute to safety. *Before departing Hawaii, President Roosevelt gave a speech in which he said that America's defense forces "must ever be considered an instrument of continuing peace, for our nation's policy seeks peace and does not look to imperialistic aims." *Born: Bud Luckey, cartoonist, animator and voice actor, in Billings, Montana (d. 2018) *Died: Marie Dressler, 65, Canadian-American actress; Louis Tancred, 57, South African cricketer; Edith Yorke, 66, English actress July 29, 1934 (Sunday) *The West Coast waterfront strike ended as the National Longshoreman's board announced that the longshoremen would return to work on Tuesday at all coast ports. *Kurt Schuschnigg became Chancellor of Austria. *Antonin Magne won the Tour de France. *René Dreyfus won the Belgian Grand Prix. July 30, 1934 (Monday) *The court-martial of those involved in the July Putsch began in Austria. Both conspirators who testified said that the killing of Dollfuss was an accident. *Stanley Baldwin made a famous quote in the House of Commons when he said, "Since the day of the air, the old frontiers are gone. When you think of the defence of England you no longer think of the chalk cliffs of Dover; you think of the Rhine. That is where our frontier lines." *The Western film The Star Packer starring John Wayne was released. *Born: Bud Selig, baseball commissioner, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin July 31, 1934 (Tuesday) *The first two men put on trial for the July Putsch were found guilty of high treason and hanged. Few were present for the execution, but it was reported that both men shouted "Heil Hitler!" on the gallows. References 1934 *1934-07 *1934-07 "
"Klanec is a Slovene place name that may refer to: *Klanec, Komenda, a village in the Municipality of Komenda, northern Slovenia *Klanec pri Gabrovki, a village in the Municipality of Litija, southeastern Slovenia *Klanec pri Komnu, a village in the Municipality of Komen, southwestern Slovenia *Klanec pri Kozini, a village in the Municipality of Hrpelje–Kozina, southwestern Slovenia "
"The following events occurred in August 1934: August 1, 1934 (Wednesday) *With Paul von Hindenburg on his death bed, the German government passed the Law on the Head of State of the German Reich, which abolished the title of President and merged its powers with those of Chancellor. Hitler was now to be known as Führer and Reich Chancellor. Passage of the law was not announced until noon the following day. *Pope Pius XI traveled by automobile to the Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo in the Alban Hills, a papal vacation retreat that no pope had visited since 1869. No popes left the Vatican between 1870 and the signing of the Lateran Treaty in 1929, and in the five years since then Pius XI had not left the immediate vicinity of Rome. August 2, 1934 (Thursday) *Paul von Hindenburg died at nine o'clock in the morning at his estate in Neudeck. *The German government announced that a referendum would be held on August 19 for voters to approve the Law on the Head of State of the German Reich. *Born: Valery Bykovsky, cosmonaut, in Pavlovsky Posad, USSR *Died: Paul von Hindenburg, 86, Prussian-German field marshal and statesman; George H. Mallon, 57, U.S. Army officer and Medal of Honor recipient; Lucille Young, 52, French film actress August 3, 1934 (Friday) *After a month spent mostly at sea, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt arrived in Portland, Oregon and visited the Bonneville Dam. *Born: Jonas Savimbi, political and military leader, in Munhango, Angola (d. 2002) August 4, 1934 (Saturday) *During a 21–4 win over the Philadelphia Phillies, Mel Ott of the New York Giants scored six runs in one game, something that no player had done since 1899. Ott would score six runs in a game again on April 30, 1944 and become the only player to ever accomplish the feat twice. *Born: Dallas Green, baseball player and manager, in Newport, Delaware (d. 2017) August 5, 1934 (Sunday) *Adolf Hitler said in a Daily Mail interview that "If it rests with Germany, war will not come again. This country has a more profound impression than any other of the evil that war causes. Ninety-five percent of the members of the National Administration have had personal experiences of its horrors. They know that it is not a romantic adventure but a ghastly catastrophe." *Born: Wendell Berry, writer, in Henry County, Kentucky; Gay Byrne, radio and television presenter, in Dublin, Ireland August 6, 1934 (Monday) *The body of Paul von Hindenburg was brought to the Tannenberg Memorial. The road for the funeral procession was lined with mourners bearing torches. *Born: Billy Boston, rugby league footballer, in Tiger Bay, Cardiff, Wales August 7, 1934 (Tuesday) *The funeral service for Paul von Hindenburg was held. Hitler delivered the final oration. *Franz von Papen stepped down as Vice-Chancellor of Germany. The position was left vacant. August 8, 1934 (Wednesday) *50,000 gathered in Vienna for a memorial ceremony for Engelbert Dollfuss, organized by the Fatherland Front. Chancellor Schuschnigg and Vice-Chancellor Starhemberg both spoke at the event, proclaiming their determination to keep Austria independent. *12 drowned in Poland when a motorbus slide off a road into the Bug River. The bus driver and three passengers escaped. *Died: Wilbert Robinson, 71, American baseball player and manager August 9, 1934 (Thursday) *Adolf Hitler proclaimed a general amnesty for thousands of political prisoners, mostly affecting those incarcerated for lower-level crimes such as criticizing the government. The amnesty did not apply to those serving sentences for high treason, espionage or attempted murder. Hitler also ordered the dissolution of the Austrian Legion, the organization of Austrian Nazis who had crossed the border after Dollfuss had banned the Nazi Party there. *The German Evangelical National Synod under Reichbischof Ludwig Müller passed a resolution requiring pastors and church officials to swear an oath to be "faithful and obedient to the Führer of the German people, Adolf Hitler." *Some 10,000 banana workers went on strike in Costa Rica. The strike, led by Carlos Luis Fallas and other Communist Party organizers, was the largest strike in Costa Rican history at the time. *The Bluebell Collision occurred in Newcastle, Australia when the harbour ferry Bluebell struck a coastal freighter and sank. *The 4th Women's World Games opened in London. August 10, 1934 (Friday) *General Werner von Blomberg issued a decree ordering all German soldiers to refer to Hitler as "Mein Führer" instead of "Der Führer". *Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees announced that the present season would be his last as a full-time player. "I really don't know what the future holds for me – only time will tell", Ruth said. "I would like to remain in the game as a manager and perhaps do a little pinch hitting on Saturdays and Sundays or days when I figured it would help the gate." *Twenty-three-year-old American music student Isobel Lillian Steele was arrested in Berlin on suspicion of espionage. During her four months of captivity her case became a cause célèbre in the American media as the U.S. government worked to free her. *Born: James Tenney, composer and musical theorist, in Silver City, New Mexico (d. 2006) *Died: George W. Hill, 39, American film director and cinematographer August 11, 1934 (Saturday) *William Beebe and Otis Barton broke their own deep-sea diving record, attaining a depth of 2,510 feet in a bathysphere eight miles off Bermuda. Beebe reported seeing strange deep sea fish equipped with "headlights" that gave him an impression that "stars in a black sky twisting around crazily, had suddenly gone mad." *The Women's World Games ended. August 12, 1934 (Sunday) *Babe Ruth visited Fenway Park for the last time as the Yankees split a doubleheader against the Boston Red Sox. A then-Fenway record of 46,776 fans came out to cheer for the Babe in the ballpark where his major league career began in 1914. Ruth went 2-for-5 with a double in the first game and 0-for-1 with two walks in the second game. August 13, 1934 (Monday) *The comic strip Li'l Abner first appeared.Green, Diana. "Li'l Abner." Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. Ed. M. Keith Booker. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. 230. . *Four Austrian policemen were hanged for participating in the July Putsch. *Died: Mary Hunter Austin, 65, American writer August 14, 1934 (Tuesday) *John S. Labatt, president of Canada's Labatt Brewing Company, was kidnapped while driving between his summer home in Sarnia and his office in London, Ontario. The kidnappers left a note demanding $150,000. *Hitler received a signed document containing Hindenburg's 'last wish', which was for the restoration of the Hohenzollern monarchy. Hitler did not have the document published. *The New York City Police Department Combat Cross was established. *Hermann Göring was injured in an accident outside Munich when the car he was driving collided with a truck on a narrow road. He sustained injuries to his back and cuts to his face and knees, but left hospital the next day. *Died: Raymond Hood, 53, American architect August 15, 1934 (Wednesday) *The United States occupation of Haiti ended after 19 years, in accordance with President Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy towards Latin America, as the last contingent of American troops departed. *Hindenburg's 'testament' was published in the German press, speaking highly of "my Chancellor Adolf Hitler and his movement". *William Beebe and Otis Barton broke their own deep-sea diving record again, achieving a depth of 3,028 feet. Beebe attempted to take some motion picture film of the deep sea fish he first saw on Saturday, but the fish kept swimming away from the bathysphere's searchlight and the film proved inconclusive. *Born: Nino Ferrer, singer, in Genoa, Italy (d. 1998) August 16, 1934 (Thursday) *Italy ordered the 48,000 troops rushed to the Austro- Italian border during the July Putsch to return to their regular bases. *Hitler's amnesty announcement went into effect, releasing the prisoners in time to vote in Sunday's referendum. *The Cecil B. DeMille-directed epic film Cleopatra starring Claudette Colbert was released. *Born: Donnie Dunagan, actor, in San Antonio, Texas; Ed van Thijn, politician, in Amsterdam, Netherlands; Diana Wynne Jones, fantasy novelist, in London, England (d. 2011) August 17, 1934 (Friday) *In Hamburg, Hitler made his lone campaign speech before the referendum, explaining that he arranged for the abolition of the presidency in order to prevent any attempts by foreign elements to stir up intrigues over the question of succession. Hitler also attacked the system of government under the old Weimar Republic as not being capable of action but "only of compromise." *John Labatt was released by his kidnappers at Forest Hill, Toronto when they panicked over the ransom money not arriving fast enough while the police were closing in. Labatt promised his kidnappers he would deliver $25,000 to a place of their choosing in exchange for his release, but they did not try to contact him again and he never paid. *The adventure film Treasure Island starring Wallace Beery and Jackie Cooper was released. August 18, 1934 (Saturday) *Manchukuo severed all relations with the Soviet Union due to a variety of border incidents including soldiers firing on each other. The two states did not have formal diplomatic relations but had been communicating unofficially due to shared borders and commercial interests. *Born: Vincent Bugliosi, attorney and author, in Hibbing, Minnesota (d. 2015); Roberto Clemente, baseball player, in San Juan, Puerto Rico (d. 1972) August 19, 1934 (Sunday) *The referendum on merging the posts of Chancellor and President was held in Nazi Germany. The referendum passed with almost 90% approval. *Born: Renée Richards, transsexual physician and tennis player, in New York City *Died: Henry Thomas Rainey, 73, American politician August 20, 1934 (Monday) *A new law was decreed in Nazi Germany replacing the Reichswehreid with the Führereid (Hitler oath).Limbach, Raymond D. "Loyalty Oath to Hitler (August 2, 1934)." Germany at War: 500 Years of Military History. Ed. David T. Zabecki. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. 2014. 786. . *The French newspaper Paris-Soir published the suppressed details of Hindenburg's 'last wish' for the restoration of the German monarchy. *The United States joined the International Labour Organization. *Born: Armi Kuusela, first-ever Miss Universe, in Muhos, Finland; Tom Mangold, broadcaster, journalist and author, in Hamburg, Germany August 21, 1934 (Tuesday) *An international Jewish conference in Geneva declared that the boycotting of Nazi Germany would be redoubled until the rights of German Jews were fully restored. Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise said that the boycott would not be abandoned until the Nazi regime canceled every law or practice "violating human freedom, political equality and the ideals of civilization." *The Minneapolis general strike ended after three months. Martial law was ordered lifted from the city. *Benito Mussolini met with Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg in Florence. August 22, 1934 (Wednesday) *Al Capone was imprisoned at the new Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in San Francisco Bay. *In Warsaw, Polish newspaper editor and former Treasury Minister Ignacy Matuszewski fought a duel with Professor Wladimir Lednizcki. The professor accused Matuszewski of slandering his late father, a lawyer who committed suicide after a company he was representing lost a case. Matuszewski was shot and seriously wounded, but survived. *Born: Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., U.S. Army general, in Trenton, New Jersey (d. 2012) August 23, 1934 (Thursday) *It was announced that the Canadian government would move 40,000 Canadian families with 500,000 head of starving livestock out of parts of Saskatchewan and Manitoba stricken by drought due to the Dust Bowl. *Born: Sonny Jurgensen, American football player, in Wilmington, North Carolina *Died: Viktor Kaplan, 57, Austrian engineer; Homer Van Meter, 28, American criminal (shot by police) August 24, 1934 (Friday) *Eugenics officials in Nazi Germany issued Ten Commandments for marriage. Number 5 proclaimed, "As a German choose only a spouse of the same or Nordic blood", while Number 10 said, "You should want to have as many children as possible." *American journalist Dorothy Thompson received a letter from the Gestapo ordering her to leave Germany, citing what it called "numerous anti-German articles in the American press." *The U.S. and Cuban governments signed a reciprocal trade agreement to strengthen economic ties between the two countries. August 25, 1934 (Saturday) *The Coat of arms of Jordan was made the official emblem of the country. *Hack Wilson of the Philadelphia Phillies played in his final major league game, getting a 2-RBI base hit as a pinch hitter against the Pittsburgh Pirates. *Born: Eddie Ilarde, radio and television host and politician, in Iriga City, Philippines; Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, politician and writer, in Bahreman, Persia (d. 2017) August 26, 1934 (Sunday) *The biggest boxing event ever staged in Germany was held in Hamburg, as 90,000 fans watched former champion Max Schmeling begin his bid for a comeback by knocking out Walter Neusel in the ninth round. *Born: Tom Heinsohn, basketball player, in Jersey City, New Jersey August 27, 1934 (Monday) *The government of Northern Ireland issued an order preventing Blueshirt leader Eoin O'Duffy from entering. *Canadian Prime Minister R. B. Bennett unveiled a stone cross in Gaspé, Quebec to mark the 400th anniversary of Jacques Cartier's arrival. *Herb Pennock of the Boston Red Sox appeared in his final major league game, giving up 5 runs in 4 innings against the Cleveland Indians. *The musical revue Life Begins at 8:40 with music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by Ira Gershwin and E.Y. Harburg opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on Broadway. *Died: Linda Agostini, 28, English-born Australian murder victim August 28, 1934 (Tuesday) *Muckraking author Upton Sinclair won the Democratic Party nomination for Governor of California. *The Challenge International de Tourisme aviation contest opened in Warsaw, Poland. *The mural painting Nightmare of 1934, satirizing the Roosevelt Administration despite being funded by the PWA, was placed on exhibition at the Westchester Galleries of Fine Arts in Tarrytown, New York. The identity of the mysterious painter was only given as Jeremiah II. August 29, 1934 (Wednesday) *Andrés Ignacio Menéndez became President of El Salvador. *The adventure film The Count of Monte Cristo starring Robert Donat and Elissa Landi was released. August 30, 1934 (Thursday) *Nazi Germany ordered workers under 25 years of age to surrender their jobs to older unemployed men, especially fathers of large families. All employers would be required to submit reports to the labour office divulging the number of workers they employ under the age of 25 and what measures they would be taking to replace them. *Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha told reporters during a visit to Quebec City that he supported the policies of Nazi Germany and was a personal friend of Hitler. *Born: Helen Craig, illustrator and author of children's books, in London, England; Jean-Guy Gendron, ice hockey player and coach, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Anatoly Solonitsyn, actor, in Bogorodsk, Gorkovskaya Oblast, USSR (d. 1982) *Died: Charles Dillingham, 66, American Broadway producer; Ernst von Wolzogen, 79, German critic and writer August 31, 1934 (Friday) *The German press office announced that 65,000 Jews had emigrated from Germany since Hitler became chancellor on January 30, 1933. 21,000 of them had gone to France, 10,000 to Palestine, 8,000 to Poland and 4,000 to Czechoslovakia. *The Nightmare of 1934 painting was vandalized by an illegal immigrant who set it on fire because he found it offensive to the Roosevelt family. *Born: Heinz Goll, sculptor, in Klagenfurt, Austria (d. 1999) References 1934 *1934-08 *1934-08 "